Osteoporosis is a silent disease that weakens bones over time, making them fragile and more likely to fracture from minor stress or injury. The disease progresses without warning, often going unnoticed until a fracture occurs. These fractures, typically in the hip, spine, or wrist, can cause severe pain, limit mobility, and reduce the quality of life.

What Causes Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis occurs when the balance between bone breakdown and formation becomes disrupted. As we age, our bodies naturally lose bone mass, especially after menopause for women, where bone loss accelerates. This condition may also be influenced by hormonal changes, medical conditions, or medications.

There are two types of osteoporosis:

• Primary Osteoporosis: Caused by aging and hormonal changes, such as a decline in estrogen during menopause.

• Secondary Osteoporosis: Resulting from other medical conditions like thyroid issues, gastrointestinal diseases, or medications like steroids.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Osteoporosis often develops without noticeable symptoms until bones become significantly weakened. Early signs may include gradual height loss, back pain, or a hunched posture. If you’re at risk, your doctor can diagnose osteoporosis using a bone density scan, which measures bone strength.

Treatments for Osteoporosis

Treatment typically focuses on slowing bone loss and reducing fracture risk. Medications like bisphosphonates, denosumab, and romosozumab can help prevent further bone breakdown. For some, hormone therapy or parathyroid hormone may stimulate bone growth.

Prevention and Lifestyle Approaches

Preventing osteoporosis involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle:

• Calcium and Vitamin D: Ensure adequate intake of these nutrients through food or supplements.

• Exercise: Weight-bearing exercises like walking, strength training, and balance exercises can help keep bones strong and prevent falls.

• Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Smoking weakens bones, and heavy drinking can interfere with calcium absorption.

Mindset and Bone Health

A positive mindset can also affect osteoporosis progression. Studies show that stress and mental health conditions like depression may contribute to bone loss. Maintaining emotional well-being is just as important as physical health when managing osteoporosis.

Complications of Osteoporosis

Untreated osteoporosis can lead to severe fractures, particularly in the spine and hip. These fractures often result in long-term pain, mobility loss, and a risk of further health complications, including infections and blood clots.

By adopting healthy lifestyle choices, managing stress, and staying active, you can significantly reduce the risk of osteoporosis and protect your bones for years to come.